女性系统性红斑狼疮患者骨代谢异常的危险因素分析

摘要：目的 探讨骨代谢、骨密度与外周血淋巴细胞亚群的关系，初步探索免疫细胞在系统性红斑狼疮( systemic lupus erythematosus，SLE)骨代谢异常中的作用。方法 采用双能X线吸收法 （dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DEXA ）检测SLE患者的骨密度，同日检测患者的外周血淋巴细胞亚群分布。结果 共纳入92名SLE女性患者，患者的平均年龄及病程分别为（42.1±14.1）岁、（84.4±73.0）个月。有62.0 %（n=57）患者存在骨代谢异常，其中44.6 %（n=41）患者为骨量减少，17.4 %（n=16）患者并发骨质疏松症，后者还包括9.8 %（n=9）发生脆性骨折的患者。全身骨密度最低值与年龄（r= –0.291，P=0.005）、病程（r=–0.239，P= 0.022）、绝经状态（r= –0.288，P=0.005）及碱性磷酸酶（r= –0.221，P= 0.033）均呈负相关。Logistics分析显示绝经状态（OR=13.0，P＜0.001，95% CI 3.43~49.5）、LDL-C（OR =5.74，P=0.002，95% CI 1.93~17.0）及外周血CD4+T细胞（OR =1.08，P = 0.025，95% CI 1.01~1.16）是骨代谢异常的影响因素，而年龄（OR=1.12，P＜0.001，95% CI 1.06~1.19）是骨质疏松的影响因素。结论 SLE患者骨代谢异常的发生率高，外周血淋巴细胞亚群分布可能与其发病存在相关性。     

Impaction Bone Grafting Augmented With a Wire Coil by the Lightbulb Technique for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

BackgroundOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating disease that primarily affects the hips of young adults. The purpose of this study is to report the mid-term results of impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil using the lightbulb technique for ONFH.MethodsFrom 1998 to 2016, 50 hips with late precollapsed or early postcollapsed ONFH (28 hips with Association Research Circulation Osseous [ARCO] IIC and 22 with IIIA) were treated by impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil using the lightbulb technique. The survival rate was analyzed with conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) as the end point.ResultsThirty-one of the 50 hips had a successful clinical result without conversion to THA at a mean follow-up of 109.2 months. The 5-year survival rate was 68%, 82.1%, and 50% for the entire cohort, ARCO stage IIC, and ARCO stage IIIA, respectively. The 19 hips that had failed were converted to THA at an average of 52.8 months. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards model showed that an ARCO stage IIIA disease, a lateral lesion, and a necrotic index ≥0.67 were the independent risk factors for conversion to THA.ConclusionAs a head-preserving procedure, the lightbulb technique using impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil is worthwhile for patients in an earlier stage of disease and smaller lesion size to postpone the need for THA.     

研究分析交锁髓内钉内固定术对创伤性下肢长管状骨骨折的治疗效果

目的研究分析交锁髓内钉内固定术对创伤性下肢长管状骨骨折的治疗效果。方法将2017年4月-2018年4月本院收治的180例创伤性下肢长管状骨骨折患者进行本次研究,按挂号先后顺序均分为参照组和观察组,各90例。参照组用钢板内固定术治疗,观察组用交锁髓内钉内固定术治疗,比较两组的愈合情况和并发症发生情况。结果治疗后,参照组的愈合情况显著差于观察组;参照组的并发症发生情况高于观察组,采用有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论交锁髓内钉内固定术对创伤性下肢长管状骨骨折的治疗有非常好的效果,保障了患者的恢复情况,减少了患者治疗后的并发症情况。     

颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术治疗颈椎病疗效观察

目的分析单节段神经根型颈椎病患者采用显微镜辅助下颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术治疗的效果。方法选取医院2016年5月—2018年10月收治的单节段神经根型颈椎病患者102例,根据手术方法不同分为观察组(n=51)和对照组(n=51),对照组接受传统颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术治疗,观察组接受显微镜辅助下颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术治疗,术后3个月观察分析2组疗效、手术前后疼痛(VAS评分)及颈椎功能(JOA评分)并发症情况。结果观察组优良率96.08%高于对照组82.35%(P<0.05),术后观察组VAS评分较对照组降低,JOA评分较对照组升高(P<0.05),观察组并发症发生率3.92%(2/51)与对照组9.80%(5/51)相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论单节段神经根型颈椎病患者采用显微镜辅助下颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术治疗,疗效确切,并可显著减轻疼痛,改善颈椎功能,且并发症少。     

Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes doxorubicin resistance in chondrosarcoma cells by affecting XRCC5 expression

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common form of bone cancer and is characterized by its ability to produce an extracellular matrix of the cartilage. High-grade chondrosarcoma is highly aggressive and can metastasize to other parts of the body. Chondrosarcoma is resistant to both conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy; hence, the current main treatment is still surgical resection. Doxorubicin (Dox) has been shown to significantly improve patient survival compared with untreated chondrosarcoma. However, for patients with metastasis, surgical resection alone can hardly treat them. In addition, drug resistance is one of the leading causes of death in patients with chondrosarcoma. Secreted proteins can mediate cell-cell interactions in the cancer microenvironment, which may be associated with the development of drug resistance. In the present study, chondrosarcoma cells were treated with Dox, the conditioned medium was then collected and changes in secreted proteins were analyzed using the antibody array. Results showed that the Dox-treated group had the highest secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), indicating the effect of bFGF on Dox sensitivity in chondrosarcoma. Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated knockdown and treatment of exogenous recombinant protein were employed to further investigate the effect of bFGF on Dox resistance. Results demonstrated that bFGF can promote the expression of X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 (XRCC5), leading to Dox resistance. Secreted bFGF is likely to be detected in serum, in addition to being a biomarker for predicting Dox resistance, the combination of Dox and bFGF/XRCC5 blockers may be a new therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of Dox in future.     

A perivascular niche in the bone marrow hosts quiescent and proliferating tumorigenic colorectal cancer cells

Disseminated tumor cells (dTCs) can frequently be detected in the bone marrow (BM) of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, raising the possibility that the BM serves as a reservoir for metastatic tumor cells. Identification of dTCs in BM aspirates harbors the potential of assessing therapeutic outcome and directing therapy intensity with limited risk and effort. Still, the functional and prognostic relevance of dTCs is not fully established. We have previously shown that CRC cell clones can be traced to the BM of mice carrying patient-derived xenografts. However, cellular interactions, proliferative state and tumorigenicity of dTCs remain largely unknown. Here, we applied a coculture system modeling the microvascular niche and used immunofluorescence imaging of the murine BM to show that primary CRC cells migrate toward endothelial tubes. dTCs in the BM were rare, but detectable in mice with xenografts from most patient samples (8/10) predominantly at perivascular sites. Comparable to primary tumors, a substantial fraction of proliferating dTCs was detected in the BM. However, most dTCs were found as isolated cells, indicating that dividing dTCs rather separate than aggregate to metastatic clones—a phenomenon frequently observed in the microvascular niche model. Clonal tracking identified subsets of self-renewing tumor-initiating cells in the BM that formed tumors out of BM transplants, including one subset that did not drive primary tumor growth. Our results indicate an important role of the perivascular BM niche for CRC cell dissemination and show that dTCs can be a potential source for tumor relapse and tumor heterogeneity.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞培养鉴定及复方扶芳藤合剂含药血清对细胞增殖的影响

目的:建立SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)的分离培养方法,观察不同浓度的复方扶芳藤合剂大鼠含药血清对大鼠BMSCs增殖的影响。方法:通过全骨髓贴壁法体外分离、培养、纯化BMSCs,对其进行细胞形态学观察,将BMSCs进行成骨、成脂定向诱导分化,采用流式细胞仪检测其表面标志物,分析其细胞周期,进行BMSCs鉴定;采用不同浓度(20%、10%和5%)的复方扶芳藤合剂含药血清和空白血清连续7 d对大鼠BM SCs进行干预,以CCK-8法检测其吸光度值,对比各组细胞生长情况。结果:BMSCs具有典型的成纤维样细胞形态,集落生长呈漩涡状。BMSCs成脂、成骨诱导后,油红O染色和茜素红染色均呈阳性。第3代BMSCs表型CD29、CD44、CD34、CD44表达分别为99.645%、99.677%、0.016%、0.133%;不同浓度的复方扶芳藤合剂含药血清和空白血清连续干预7 d后,CCK-8法检测显示:20%浓度的复方扶芳藤合剂含药血清组,其1~7 d的吸光度均值均高于20%浓度的空白血清组(P<0.05);10%的含药血清组的吸光度均值在3~7 d,高于10%的空白血清组(P<0.05);5%的含药血清组与5%的空白血清组比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:全骨髓贴壁法分离、培养BM SCs,操作简单,方法稳定,可大量扩增BMSCs。扩增后的BMSCs具有间充质干细胞的生物学特性,具有多向分化潜能。复方扶芳藤合剂含药血清干预后的BMSCs增殖能力增强,其中20%浓度的复方扶芳藤合剂含药血清在本实验中为最佳干预浓度。     

Is computed tomography cystography indicated in children with pelvic fractures?

Purpose: Pelvic fracture evaluation with abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) and formal CT cystography for rule out of urine bladder injury have been commonly employed in pediatric trauma patients. The additional delayed imaging required to obtain optimal CT cystography is, however, associated with increased doses of ionizing radiation to pelvic organs and represent a significant risk in the pediatric population for future carcinogenic risk. We hypothesized that avoidance of routine CT cystography among pediatric pelvic fracture victims would not result in an appreciable rate of missed bladder injuries and would aid in mitigating the radiation exposure risk associated with these additional images. Methods: A retrospective cohort study involving blunt trauma pelvic fractures among pediatric trauma patients (age<14) between the years 1997 and 2016 was conducted utilizing the Israeli National Trauma Registry. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS statistical software version 9.4 via the tests of Chisquare test and two-sided Fisher''s exact test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 1072 children were identified from the registry for inclusion. Mean age of patients was 7.7 years (range 0-14) and 713 (66.5%) were male. Overall mortality in this population was 4.1% (44/1072). Only 2.1% (23) of pediatric patients with pelvic fractures had bladder injury identified, with just 9 children having intraperitoneal bladder rupture (0.8% of all the patients). Conclusion: The vast majority of blunt pediatric trauma victims with pelvic fractures do not have urine bladder injuries. Based on our study results we do not recommend the routine utilization of CT cystography in this unique population.     

Myocardial blood flow analysis of stress dynamic myocardial CT perfusion for hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease diagnosis: The clinical value of relative parameter optimization

BackgroundThe methods for calculating the optimal myocardial blood flow (MBF) relative parameters in stress dynamic myocardial CT perfusion (CTP) in the detection of hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease (CAD) are non-uniform and lack standards.MethodsA total of 86 patients who were prospectively recruited underwent APT stress dynamic myocardial CTP. The relative MBF perfusion parameters were calculated as av_Ratio, Q3av_Ratio and hi_Ratio according to the three types of reference MBF values, respectively: (1) average segmental MBF value, (2) the third quartile of the average segmental MBF value, and (3) highest segmental MBF value. All the data were derived from both the endocardial and transmural layers of the myocardium. Invasive coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve (ICA/FFR) were used as the reference standards for myocardial ischemia evaluation.ResultsA total of 151 vessels of 60 patients (43 men and 17 women; 61.38 ± 8.01 years) were enrolled in the analysis. The performance of the endocardial layer was superior to that of the transmural layer (all P < 0.05). The hi_Ratio of the endocardial myocardium (AUC = 0.906, 95% CI: 0.857–0.954), for which the highest segmental value was selected as the reference MBF, was superior to both av_Ratio and Q3av_Ratio for ischemia detection (AUC, 0.906 vs.0.879, P < 0.05; 0.906 vs.0.891, P = 0.18), and the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy were 74.1%, 93.6%, 87.8%, 85.3% and 86.1%, respectively. The cutoff value of hi_Ratio was 0.675.ConclusionsThe relative MBF parameter of the endocardial myocardium using the highest segmental MBF value as a reference provided optimal diagnostic accuracy for the detection of hemodynamically significant CAD.